Andrew Hill papers, music, and audiovisual recordings

Andrew Hill (1931-2007) was a jazz pianist, composer, and educator. Hill was born to Hattie and William Robert Hill, Sr. on June 30, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois. By age seven, Hill was playing the accordion, tap dancing, and singing outside the nightclubs and theaters in his neighborhood, and began playing piano when he was ten. Hill attended Wendell Phillips High School and the University of Chicago Laboratory School, during which time he studied composition with classical composer and music theorist Paul Hindemith. Hill began gigging in 1952, and in the summer of 1953 he accompanied alto saxophonist Charlie Parker at the Greystone Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan. Hill also played with Miles Davis and Johnny Griffin in local clubs. Hill was playing rhythm and blues, blues, and bebop piano with musicians Von Freeman, Malachi Favors, and Wilbur Ware in Chicago by the early 1950s. Hill’s recording debut was in 1954 on the Vee Jay label with a quintet under bassist Dave Shipp’s name. So In Love, Hill’s debut album, was recorded in Chicago in 1956, and featured two original compositions alongside a selection of standards.

He moved to New York in 1961 to become Dinah Washington’s accompanist, but moved temporarily to Los Angeles in 1962 to work with Rahsaan Roland Kirk. In 1963, Hill married organist Laverne Gillette [Bradford], returned to New York City, and was signed to the Blue Note Record label by its founder, Alfred Lion, who referred to Hill as “his last great protégé.” Lion recorded him between 1963 and 1970. Hill’s Blue Note albums, including Black Fire, Compulsion, Smokestack, Judgment!, and Andrew!!! established his reputation as a jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader. At Blue Note, Hill collaborated with artists such as Eric Dolphy, Joe Henderson, Kenny Dorham, John Gilmore, Roy Haynes, Bobby Hutcherson, Elvin Jones, Sam Rivers, Richard Davis, Tony Williams, and Reggie Workman. Hill also recorded occasionally as a sideman with Henderson, Hutcherson, Kirk, Walt Dickerson, Hank Mobley, and Jimmy Woods. Hill’s 1964 recording Point of Departure remains an influential jazz title from this time period.

Hill left New York City for Hamilton, New York, accepting a two-year position as Composer in Residence at Colgate University. In 1977 Hill and Laverne moved to California, where he gave solo piano concerts, conducted workshops, and taught in California prisons as well as in public schools with emotionally troubled students. Hill occasionally toured and recorded for independent labels such as Arista-Freedom, East Wind, Artists House, Black Saint, and Soul Note.

Following Laverne’s death in 1989, Hill moved to Portland, Oregon and served as a tenure-track associate professor of music at Portland State University. Here he helped found the successful Summer Jazz Intensive program. While in Portland, Hill met his future wife, Joanne Robinson, a dancer and educator. They married in 1992 and moved back to the New York City area in 1996.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s Hill began recording and performing more actively, touring internationally and releasing a trio of acclaimed albums: Dusk (the 2001 DownBeat Critics Poll Album of the Year), A Beautiful Day, and Time Lines. During this period Hill was honored with the JAZZPAR Prize in 2003 and The Jazz Foundation of America Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. Hill was named Composer of the Year in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2006 by the Jazz Journalists Association, and was awarded the Jazz Journalists Association Lifetime Achievement Award in 2007. Other accolades include induction into the DownBeat Hall of Fame in 2007, the Playboy Jazz Artist of the Year in 2006, Winner of DownBeat Critics Poll Jazz in 2000 and 2001. Hill was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2004 but continued to perform and record until a month before his death. Hill passed away on April 20, 2007 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was posthumously awarded a Honorary Doctorate of Music by the Berklee College of Music, and was named a 2008 NEA Jazz Master by the National Endowment for the Arts.